Marsh Moss

The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of freshwater in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west.

I think this is a male mallard in its eclipse plumage. It is on the edge of the mere outside the Discovery Hide at the Martin Mere Wetlands Centre. Male ducks (drakes) require their colourful plumage in spring to attract a mate during the breeding season. After the breeding season, the males begin to moult, replacing the old worn-out feathers with new ones. During this period, they are largely flightless and so are more vulnerable to predators; to provide some protection the brightly coloured body feathers are replaced by duller brown ones, similar to those of the females. This is known as the eclipse plumage and is worn by the drakes until their flight feathers have regrown and a second moult occurs when the male will once again grow back into his full colours.

A view of the mere from one of the small hides/shelters on the path along the eastern side of the lake.

WWT Martin Mere is a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). Situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, it is one of nine reserves managed by the WWT, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an SPA (Special Protection Area) and a Ramsar Site Link . The centre takes its name from the mere on the west side of the reserve which has been provided with eleven observation hides. On the east side of the reserve there are a number of pens providing habitats for birds from Africa, Australasia, North America, South America, Siberia, and Asia. The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of fresh water in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when the first drainage channel was dug, and further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was only achieved in the mid-19th century with the introduction of steam pumping. Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. The first 363 acres of the site, known as Holcroft's Farm, were purchased in 1972 through local fundraising and the site was opened to the public in 1975 by Sir Peter Scott, founder of the WWT. Since then the reserve has been extended and is now one of Britain's most important wetland sites, visited by thousands of migrating wildfowl in the autumn and winter. It is also home to 100 species of tame birds, many on the endangered list and part of breeding programmes. Link WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre website Link RSPB Liverpool group Link Wikipedia

A number of feeding stations have been installed in the area outside the Janet Kear Hide, to attract perching birds from the nearby trees. When I visited, there were lots of small birds, mainly finches, taking seeds from the feeders but this one was perched on a branch a few metres away. Judging by the red stain on its beak, I think it must have preferred the berries.

A number of feeding stations have been installed in the area outside the Janet Kear Hide, to attract perching birds from the nearby trees. When I visited, there were lots of small birds, mainly finches, taking seeds from the feeders but this goldfinch was easily the most colourful.

The Harrier Hide at the southern end of the reserve looks out across the Pat Wisniewski reed beds, an area of land which was bought from a local farm. This land, which had previously been intensively cultivated, was converted into 62 acres of reed bed and 44 acres of wet grassland, wet woodland, dry grassland, hedgerow and copse. It is hoped that, as the new wetland matures, the extremely diverse habitat will attract bitterns, bearded tits and marsh harriers. (Link RSPB Liverpool group). The area, which was officially opened in May 2013, was named in tribute to the late Centre Manager, Pat Wisniewski (Link WWT)

Nature trail and path to the hides.

WWT Martin Mere is a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). Situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, it is one of nine reserves managed by the WWT, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an SPA (Special Protection Area) and a Ramsar Site Link . The centre takes its name from the mere on the west side of the reserve which has been provided with eleven observation hides. On the east side of the reserve there are a number of pens providing habitats for birds from Africa, Australasia, North America, South America, Siberia, and Asia. The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of fresh water in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when the first drainage channel was dug, and further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was only achieved in the mid-19th century with the introduction of steam pumping. Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. The first 363 acres of the site, known as Holcroft's Farm, were purchased in 1972 through local fundraising and the site was opened to the public in 1975 by Sir Peter Scott, founder of the WWT. Since then the reserve has been extended and is now one of Britain's most important wetland sites, visited by thousands of migrating wildfowl in the autumn and winter. It is also home to 100 species of tame birds, many on the endangered list and part of breeding programmes. Link WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre website Link RSPB Liverpool group Link Wikipedia

WWT Martin Mere is a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). Situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, it is one of nine reserves managed by the WWT, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an SPA (Special Protection Area) and a Ramsar Site Link . The centre takes its name from the mere on the west side of the reserve which has been provided with eleven observation hides. On the east side of the reserve there are a number of pens providing habitats for birds from Africa, Australasia, North America, South America, Siberia, and Asia. The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of fresh water in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when the first drainage channel was dug, and further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was only achieved in the mid-19th century with the introduction of steam pumping. Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. The first 363 acres of the site, known as Holcroft's Farm, were purchased in 1972 through local fundraising and the site was opened to the public in 1975 by Sir Peter Scott, founder of the WWT. Since then the reserve has been extended and is now one of Britain's most important wetland sites, visited by thousands of migrating wildfowl in the autumn and winter. It is also home to 100 species of tame birds, many on the endangered list and part of breeding programmes. Link WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre website Link RSPB Liverpool group Link Wikipedia

The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is the longest canal in Northern England at 127 miles long. The first of the trans-Pennine canals it took 46 years to build at a cost of five times the original budget, mainly because of the length and complexity of the route. It passes through 91 locks with a summit level of 487 feet at Foulridge near Nelson and Colne. It was originally conceived in the 18th century to carry woollen goods from Leeds and Bradford and limestone from Skipton but in its 19th century heyday it carried stone, coal and many other goods. The impact of the railways was not as great as with other canals and commercial traffic continued along the main canal until 1964. Regular work stopped in 1972 when the movement of coal to Wigan Power Station ceased. In the latter part of the 20th century the leisure potential of the canal was developed and it is now a popular destination for cruising, fishing, walking and cycling. See Link for detailed information.

The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is the longest canal in Northern England at 127 miles long. The first of the trans-Pennine canals it took 46 years to build at a cost of five times the original budget, mainly because of the length and complexity of the route. It passes through 91 locks with a summit level of 487 feet at Foulridge near Nelson and Colne. It was originally conceived in the 18th century to carry woollen goods from Leeds and Bradford and limestone from Skipton but in its 19th century heyday it carried stone, coal and many other goods. The impact of the railways was not as great as with other canals and commercial traffic continued along the main canal until 1964. Regular work stopped in 1972 when the movement of coal to Wigan Power Station ceased. In the latter part of the 20th century the leisure potential of the canal was developed and it is now a popular destination for cruising, fishing, walking and cycling. See Link for detailed information.

A black-headed gull perched on a fence post at the side of the Mere.

WWT Martin Mere is a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). Situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, it is one of nine reserves managed by the WWT, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an SPA (Special Protection Area) and a Ramsar Site Link . The centre takes its name from the mere on the west side of the reserve which has been provided with eleven observation hides. On the east side of the reserve there are a number of pens providing habitats for birds from Africa, Australasia, North America, South America, Siberia, and Asia. The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of fresh water in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when the first drainage channel was dug, and further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was only achieved in the mid-19th century with the introduction of steam pumping. Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. The first 363 acres of the site, known as Holcroft's Farm, were purchased in 1972 through local fundraising and the site was opened to the public in 1975 by Sir Peter Scott, founder of the WWT. Since then the reserve has been extended and is now one of Britain's most important wetland sites, visited by thousands of migrating wildfowl in the autumn and winter. It is also home to 100 species of tame birds, many on the endangered list and part of breeding programmes. Link WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre website Link RSPB Liverpool group Link Wikipedia

WWT Martin Mere is a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). Situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, it is one of nine reserves managed by the WWT, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an SPA (Special Protection Area) and a Ramsar Site Link . The centre takes its name from the mere on the west side of the reserve which has been provided with eleven observation hides. On the east side of the reserve there are a number of pens providing habitats for birds from Africa, Australasia, North America, South America, Siberia, and Asia. The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of fresh water in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when the first drainage channel was dug, and further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was only achieved in the mid-19th century with the introduction of steam pumping. Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. The first 363 acres of the site, known as Holcroft's Farm, were purchased in 1972 through local fundraising and the site was opened to the public in 1975 by Sir Peter Scott, founder of the WWT. Since then the reserve has been extended and is now one of Britain's most important wetland sites, visited by thousands of migrating wildfowl in the autumn and winter. It is also home to 100 species of tame birds, many on the endangered list and part of breeding programmes. Link WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre website Link RSPB Liverpool group Link Wikipedia

WWT Martin Mere is a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT). Situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, it is one of nine reserves managed by the WWT, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), an SPA (Special Protection Area) and a Ramsar Site Link . The centre takes its name from the mere on the west side of the reserve which has been provided with eleven observation hides. On the east side of the reserve there are a number of pens providing habitats for birds from Africa, Australasia, North America, South America, Siberia, and Asia. The lake, Martin Mere, was formed at the end of the last Ice Age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Until the late seventeenth century, this lake was the largest body of fresh water in England (5 miles in diameter, 20 miles circumference – three times the size of Windermere). Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 Link shows the original giant lake stretching from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when the first drainage channel was dug, and further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was only achieved in the mid-19th century with the introduction of steam pumping. Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. The first 363 acres of the site, known as Holcroft's Farm, were purchased in 1972 through local fundraising and the site was opened to the public in 1975 by Sir Peter Scott, founder of the WWT. Since then the reserve has been extended and is now one of Britain's most important wetland sites, visited by thousands of migrating wildfowl in the autumn and winter. It is also home to 100 species of tame birds, many on the endangered list and part of breeding programmes. Link WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre website Link RSPB Liverpool group Link Wikipedia

A large number of water birds (mostly Whooper swans, Shelducks and Mallards) gathered outside the Discovery Hide waiting for their afternoon feed. The Whooper swans will soon be leaving the Mere; having overwintered here, they will return to their breeding grounds in Iceland at the end of February/beginning of March.