Grangetown

The mural depicts Raich Carter, who played as a forward for Sunderland during a successful period for the team in the 1930s. Like many players of his age (he was born in 1913) it is impossible to say how big he might or might not have become had the Second World War not intervened; he was, nevertheless, a famous enough player at 23 to have had a sitting at Madame Tussauds. 'Raich' is short for Horatio, a first name that wouldn't have raised too many eyebrows a century or two ago, and is based on the Latin for 'timekeeper'. Online images indicate that he was nowhere near as dark-skinned as the picture suggests - he was definitely white, and it looks like the reason he appears darker on the wall of the hand-drawn mural is due to it being based on a picture of him posing in his strip with a bit of shadow going on. Raich Carter won 13 England caps in the days before big tournament qualifiers were a thing - in the 1930s England averaged around 6 games a year. He also scored almost a goal every other game while at Sunderland, which was apparently pretty good for an inside forward. With the advent of continual tactical analysis of football matches across the media in the last two or three decades these tactics have, to most, become ever more confusing! Even though players are today allowed to pick obscure numbers that they can wear on their backs forever (e.g. Phil Foden, of Manchester City: 47), back in the day the 11 players on each team were only numbered 1-11. And the analyses always assume people have prior knowledge of these 1-11 days, when a number would generally indicate a certain position. An inside forward is basically a name for an old position when teams set up in a different way from today, but is still occasionally used to describe a secondary striker - traditionally a Number 10 - who is instructed to drop deep occasionally (i.e. alternate between the back of the attack and the front of the midfield). It is also used sometimes to describe either of the wide players in an attacking three who don't play wide enough to be considered wingers. Mo Salah of Liverpool, who at the time of writing usually operates a little bit behind and to the right of the main target man - who traditionally wears the Number 9 shirt - is the best example of this right now. In Carter's day, however, the teams set up in formations that would seem completely mad to today's football fans. There was something called a 'W-M' formation which was made up of five forwards and five defenders. If you can imagine the preamble to a televised football match today, with the players' names shown in their starting positions in their own half of the pitch with the goalkeeper at the bottom, the 'W' would have appeared at the top and the 'M' at the bottom. The 'W' went: left wing - left inside forward - centre forward - right inside forward - right wing. The 'M' went: left full back - left half back - centre back - right half back - right full back. Despite the fact that it is almost always the left and right 'full backs' that are the most attacking defenders of today's football teams, they usually keep their old name, unless extremely attacking, in which case 'wing back' is used. The central defenders of the team, however, who rarely venture forward except for corners and free kicks due to their height, still get referred to as 'left half' and 'right half' in the now standard four-man defence. In the old days of W-M there was still a midfield - the bottom of the W and the top of the M would drop back and move forward respectively when needed. Raich Carter has the distinction of being the only player to have won the FA Cup either side of the Second World War: for Sunderland, then Derby County.

The two boilers by W & J Galloway of Manchester and built in 1908. The closest is in steam but the further one was clearly empty.

This site is now a museum. This shows the beams of the two Woolf compound beam pumping engines built by R & W Hawthorn in 1868. The beams are each 33' long between end centres and weigh 22 tons. This view is from the crank end of the beams with the parallel motion operating the well pumps with a stroke of 10' 8". The connecting rod picks up inboard of the pumps with an 8' stroke to the crank.

This preserved waterworks has a pair of Woolf compound beam pumping engines built by R & W Hawthorn in 1868 and running until 1967. This shows the packing platform with the cylinder heads and parallel motion. Also seen is the upper valve chest with its Cornish drop valves. The cylinders are - high pressure 27.5" x 5' 4" and low pressure 45" x 8'. The engines used steam at 35 psi at the stop valve.

This preserved waterworks has a pair of Woolf compound beam pumping engines built by R & W Hawthorn in 1868 and running until 1967. This shows the packing platform with the cylinder heads and parallel motion of one engine. Also seen is the upper valve chest with its Cornish drop valves. The cylinders are - high pressure 27.5" x 5' 4" and low pressure 45" x 8'. The engines used steam at 35 psi at the stop valve. The rod on the right disappearing through a hole in the platform drives a pump in the staple well with a 10' 8" stroke. The engines lifted in two stages with the pump at the crank end of the beam lifting water to a level 130' below the engine house and the staple well pump then completing the lift to the ground level reservoir. This maintained balance around the beam's centre.

This preserved waterworks has a pair of Woolf compound beam pumping engines built by R & W Hawthorn in 1868 and running until 1967. This shows the packing platform with the cylinder heads and parallel motion of both engine. Also seen are the upper valve chests with their Cornish drop valves. The cylinders are - high pressure 27.5" x 5' 4" and low pressure 45" x 8'. The engines used steam at 35 psi at the stop valve. The rods disappearing through a hole in the platform drive pumps in the staple wells with a 10' 8" stroke. The engines lifted in two stages with the pump at the crank end of the beam lifting water to a level 130' below the engine house and the staple well pump then completing the lift to the ground level reservoir. This maintained balance around the beam's centre.

An inverted vertical duplex steam feed pump by Joseph Evans of Wolverhampton, works No. 10465. The slide valve cylinders are 5" x 5" and the flywheel is 30" diameter. The frames around the connecting rods and cranks result in this type of pump being termed a 'banjo pump'.

This preserved pumping station contains two Woolf compound beam engines built in 1868 by R & W Hawthorn. This shows the cylinders of one engine with the high pressure (27.5" x 5'4") to the right of the low pressure (45" x 8'). Also included is the lower valve chest with four Cornish drop valves and the hand starting levers for upper and lower valve chests. This arrangement is similar to that at Claymills Victorian Pumping Station.

This shows the two Woolf compound beam engines built in 1868 by R & W Hawthorn and in use until 1967. The cylinders are 27.5" x 5'4" and 45" x 8'. The beams are 33' between end centres and weigh 22 tons. The flywheels are 24' diameter and weigh 18 tons. The engines used steam at 35 psi, ran at 10 rpm and delivered 40,000 gallons per hour against a 243' head.

This building contains two Woolf compound beam engines built in 1868 by R & W Hawthorn and in use until 1967. The cylinders are 27.5" x 5'4" and 45" x 8'. The beams are 33' between end centres and weigh 22 tons. The flywheels are 24' diameter and weigh 18 tons. The engines used steam at 35 psi, ran at 10 rpm and delivered 40,000 gallons per hour against a 243' head. This shows part of the flywheel and the Watt type conical pendulum governor. The latter is driven from the crankshaft that is below the driving floor level. The curved rack inside the flywheel's rim is for barring the engine round with a long crowbar acting against the spokes. At least one spoke is always over the rack.

This shows one of the two Woolf compound beam engines built in 1868 by R & W Hawthorn and in use until 1967. The cylinders are 27.5" x 5'4" and 45" x 8'. The beams are 33' between end centres and weigh 22 tons. The flywheels are 24' diameter and weigh 18 tons. The engines used steam at 35 psi, ran at 10 rpm and delivered 40,000 gallons per hour against a 243' head.

This shows part of one of the two Woolf compound beam engines built in 1868 by R & W Hawthorn and in use until 1967. The cylinders are 27.5" x 5'4" and 45" x 8'. The beams are 33' between end centres and weigh 22 tons. The flywheels are 24' diameter and weigh 18 tons. The engines used steam at 35 psi, ran at 10 rpm and delivered 40,000 gallons per hour against a 243' head. This is a view down the main well with the 4' throw crank in the foreground. Beyond is the drive to the main well pump with its 10' 8" stroke. This pump lifted the water from about 250' below the engine house floor to 130' below the floor from where it flowed to the staple well at the opposite end of the engine. A pump at the other end of the engine then lifted it to the reservoir at ground level. Having pumps at each end balanced the loading across the engine's centre.

What can one say! This has been described as "The finest industrial monument in the north-east". Victorian waterworks with preserved and workable beam engines and Lancashire boilers.

This preserved former waterworks pumping station has two steam winches. One is hidden under the entrance stairs and rarely seen but this one is on the beam floor and seen by all who venture up there. It is a horizontal duplex geared winch modelled on a traction engine type layout. It was installed c1914 and is by an unknown maker. The slide valve cylinders are c9" x 12" and the flywheel (hidden by the green cover) is 5' diameter.

This preserved former waterworks pumping station has two steam winches. One is hidden under the entrance stairs and rarely seen but this one is on the beam floor and seen by all who venture up there. It is a horizontal duplex geared winch modelled on a traction engine type layout. It was installed c1914 and is by an unknown maker. The slide valve cylinders are c9" x 12" and the flywheel (hidden by the green cover) is 5' diameter.

Very few visitors are likely to ever see this single cylinder geared winch that is tucked under the entrance steps to the engine house. Built by M Coulson & Co of Spennymoor in 1890. The slide valve cylinder is c14" x 24" and the flywheel is 5' diameter. It has Stephenson link reversing motion and a worm drive to the winch drum.

Very few visitors are likely to ever see this single cylinder geared winch that is tucked under the entrance steps to the engine house. Built by M Coulson & Co of Spennymoor in 1890. The slide valve cylinder is c14" x 24" and the flywheel is 5' diameter. It has Stephenson link reversing motion and a worm drive to the winch drum.

This is an off-site horizontal duplex steam winch and sheerlegs assembly that came from Sunderland and District General Hospital where it serviced a well. The winch was made by R J Smith of Sunderland and I can't recall seeing another by that maker.