West Hill

Officially named the London Orbital and frequently derided as nothing more than a very big car park, the M25 is a 117-mile orbital motorway that encircles London; one of the world's biggest ring roads (Europe's second longest orbital road after the Berliner Ring, which is 122 miles). It is not, however, a continuous loop of motorway as the Dartford Crossing section (comprising the Dartford Tunnels and the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge) over the Thames and its approach roads are designated as the A282. Constructed between 1975 and 1986, the M25 is reputedly the most expensive motorway Britain ever built, costing a total of £909m or roughly £7.5m per mile, but at the time of its planning, the demand for the road was considerably underestimated so that when it was finally completed in 1986, it was already out of date. Demand outstripped capacity within a few years and ever since then it's been very heavily congested. The M25 is one of the UK’s busiest motorways, carrying up to 200,000 vehicles and 10,000 HGVs per day (AADT - Annual Average Daily Traffic flow) on the section near to Heathrow Airport. Since its opening in the 1980s, the southern, western and eastern sections have been widened to largely dual four lane (D4M) standard, but much of the motorway retains its dual three lane road (D3M) cross-section as originally built. The M25 was home to England's first Variable Speed Limits on motorways between the A3 and M4 in the early 1990s. Link cbrd Link SABRE

Variable message signs (VMS), also sometimes referred to as matrix signs, are electronic traffic signs used on motorways (and some other major routes) to give drivers information about special events and to warn them about traffic congestion, accidents, incidents, roadworks or speed limits on specific sections of the route. They may also suggest (or instruct) drivers to take alternative routes, limit speed, warn of the duration and location of the incidents or just inform them of the traffic conditions. Drivers carrying freight bound for the cross-channel port of Dover are instructed to use the M20 by this sign.

View looking south along the lane over the bridge over Cobbin's Brook towards Fernhall Farm

Viewed looking east this weir is on Cobbin's Brook where it flows through Warlies Park. The water level was higher than normal due to a period of heavy rain.

Breach Barns Lane is a small road off Galleyhill Road, leading from Dallance Farm to Oakwood Nursery

Entrance to Maynards Farm opposite Cobbinsend Farm on Cobbinsend Road, near Waltham Abbey.

Cobbinsend Road looking north with Cobbinsend Farm on the right

Farmland in the area called three gates where Claverhambury Road joins Cobbinsend Road

Entrance to Fernhall Farm where Cobbinsend Road meets Fernhall Lane and Long Street

Junction of Long Street, Fernhall Lane and Cobbinsend Road, looking towards the Cottages in Long Street

Newhouse Farm, Copthall Stud, Long Street, Copthall Green